Functions of Ubuntu Linux?

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Well, Ubuntu is a very solid operating system. By Functions, do you mean what can be done with it? Or are you looking for operating system functions. like network settings, desktop settings, etc.
From a use standpoint you can use Ubuntu or any linux os to:
1.Surf the WEB, get and send email, "host" a website
2. Do word processing, databases, presentations, spread sheets (called Open Office applications)
3. You can setup multiple users and multiple desktops
4. You can edit images, video, audio
5. You can have multiple desktops which you can have different applications running and simply switch the entire desktop!
6. Just about any type "function" from an application standpoint you want to do!

From an OS standpoint you have:
1. Ability to manage multiple drives, put items on any drive (since all are seen as just folders)
2, Manage multiple network adapters
3, Setup particular routing schemes and allow traffic to pass or not pass between the adapters (basically a router/gateway)
4.Use multiple monitors with multiple adapters
5, Manage what users have access and what access they have
(just a few things that came to mind).

Basically Ubuntu is an alternative operating system that costs you nothing to use! It is an alternative to Windows, or MAC OS. It runs on older machines without much problem.
Don't know exactly what you mean by your question but hope this helps. nearly all linux distributions will do these things as well, just not as easy to setup and install in some cases.